The real core of ancient Chinese family thoughts is encapsulated in the concept of “filial piety”. Known as “xiao” in Chinese, this principle represents a cornerstone of Confucianism, one of the major schools of thought in ancient China. Filial piety signifies a profound sense of loyalty and deference to one’s parents, elders, and ancestors. It is a principle that encourages respect, obedience, and care for parents and elderly relatives.

Filial piety was not simply a moral obligation that guided interpersonal relationships, it was also a legal requirement enforced by the state. It permeated the legal systems of various Chinese dynasties, with laws enacted to punish those who were found guilty of being unfilial. The concept was so ingrained in society that it became a social norm, influencing the conduct of individuals and shaping societal values.

Moreover, filial piety significantly influenced all aspects of life in ancient China. It played a key role in politics, with rulers often promoting filial piety as a means to maintain social order and ensure the stability of their reign. It also had a profound impact on the social structure, reinforcing the hierarchical nature of Chinese society and perpetuating a patriarchal system where authority was vested in elder family members.

Daily routines and customs were also shaped by filial piety. The ancient Chinese calendar was dotted with festivals and rituals that underscored the importance of honoring parents and ancestors. Funeral rites were particularly important, with elaborate ceremonies designed to ensure the well-being of the deceased in the afterlife and demonstrate the filial piety of the surviving relatives.

Despite the passage of time, the concept of filial piety continues to influence Chinese society today. It remains a deeply ingrained cultural norm, shaping family structures, guiding social interactions, and influencing attitudes towards elder care. From the traditional respect for elders to the current emphasis on taking care of aging parents, the echoes of filial piety can be seen in many facets of modern Chinese society.