In ancient China, marriage was perceived not as a bond based on romantic love but as a social and familial contract. This perspective was deeply rooted in the societal norms and customs of the time. The primary purpose of marriage was to ensure the continuation of the family lineage and the distribution of wealth and property. Therefore, marriages were often not enacted due to mutual feelings or desires, but were typically arranged by parents or professional matchmakers.

The importance of filial piety, a fundamental virtue in Chinese culture emphasizing respect for one’s parents, elders, and ancestors, played a significant role in the perception of marriage. Fulfilling this duty to one’s family involved not only obedience and deference to parents during their lifetime but also extending the family line by marrying and producing offspring.

Societal norms and expectations were major influences on the concept of marriage in ancient China. These expectations were manifested in various practices and customs. For instance, grooms were typically required to present betrothal gifts to the bride’s family, signifying their commitment and readiness for marriage. On the other hand, the bride was expected to bring a dowry into the marriage, which was made up of various items that she would use in her new home, symbolizing her contribution to her new family.

Moreover, the concept of a “good match” was of paramount importance, indicating that the families of the bride and groom should be of similar social status. This practice was not merely a social norm but a mechanism to maintain social order and hierarchy, reinforcing the societal structure and preventing the blurring of class boundaries.

Marriage rites and ceremonies were also an integral part of ancient Chinese culture. These elaborate ceremonies consisted of symbolic rituals, such as the exchange of wedding rings and the lighting of a unity candle. These rituals were believed to bring good luck and prosperity to the newlyweds and their families, a testament to the importance of spiritual beliefs in daily life.

Furthermore, it’s crucial to note that polygamy was a common practice, especially among the wealthier classes. Men could take multiple wives, with the first wife holding a higher status than the others. This practice further served to ensure the continuation of the family line and the distribution of property, reinforcing the practical and contractual nature of marriage in ancient China.